The Channels of R&D Inputs and Productivity: Which R&D Input Has the Best Contribution on the Productivity of Manufacturing Industry in Mainland China?

Sheng-Wen Tseng*,   Yu-Cheng Tseng**

*Lecturer, Department of International Business, Yu Da College of Business

Ph. D. Candidate, National Chengchi University

e-mail: swtseng@ydu.edu.tw; g9261502@yahoo.com.tw

**Administrator, Planning and Business Dept., Taiwan Cogeneration Corporation

e-mail: shaw.shank@msa.hinet.net

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze and compare the contributions from two different R&D inputs, the channels of “large and medium-sized industrial enterprises” and the “research institutions”, on the productivity of manufacturing industries in China. This study employs the panel data of 26 manufacturing industries in Mainland China from 1993 to 2005 and develops empirical models proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) to estimate the stochastic frontier production function. The empirical results show that, First, the estimated innovative capital of “research institutions” is higher than “large and medium-sized industrial enterprises”. Secondly, the innovative input of “research institutions” has better contributions than “large and medium-sized industrial enterprises” on the productivity of whole, light, and heavy manufacturing industries.

Keywords: R&D, Productivity, China, Manufacturing Industry

A Performance Study on the Major Airports in China

Hui-Chen Shan*    Yuan-Jiing Liou**

  *Instructor of military education, China University of Technology

**Director of military education , Tungnan University

Abstract:

    This study employed DEA-CCR model and DEA-BCC model to evaluate the operational performance and Returns to Scale（RTS）of 14 main airports in China during 2003-2006. Malmquist index was applied to examine productivity changes. In addition, sensitivity analysis was used to identify the influences of individual input variable on these airports performance. Runways, areas and aprons are input variables. Movements, passengers and cargos are output

variables.

    Results of this study show：(1) the average technical efficiency is with a score of 0.656；(2) the average pure technical efficieny is with a score of 0.940 and scores of 11 airports achieve 1；(3) the average scale efficiency is with a score of 0.701；Putung airport in Shanghai, Shoutu airport in Peiching and Wuchiapa airport in Kunming experienced MPSS over the period time；(4) Meilan airport in Haikou and Changle airport in Fuchou had negative productivity changes；(5) number of runways had a direct impact on pure technical efficiency；areas and aprons had a direct impact on scale efficiency.

Keywords: airports, DEA, performance measurement

New Tendency Studied in Japanese Knowledge Management 

Yu-Ting Lee

Associate Professor, Department of International Trade, Ta-Hwa Institute of Technology

e-mail:ittina@thit.edu.tw

Abstract:

 In recent years, the international competitiveness of Japanese enterprises has become stronger and stronger; in particular, the operation of the Toyota Production System (TPS) has been the subject of intense interest by a wide range of people. Therefore, this paper probes into the new tendencies which may be emerging in Japanese knowledge management. From the result of this study, this paper discerns two new orientations in Japanese knowledge management, namely, “Humanism” and “Genbaism”. Humanism knowledge management advocates the Toyota management philosophy, which emphasizes and is concerned about what is known as "sticky knowledge", a kind of knowledge which is difficult to imitate and transfer. It is a favorable way of improving the probability of successfully learning or adopting Toyota’s management through realizing and grasping knowledge stickiness and the related methods of knowledge transfer, as well as drafting some advance plans for the avoidance of possible obstacles.

Keywords: Knowledge Management; Knowledge Stickiness; Knowledge Transfer.

The Surrounding Waters of Okinotori Island being regarded as Japan’s EEZ:

Dispute in International Law and its Impact

Chin- Yen Hsu

Ching kuo institute of mana gement and health

     e-mail:tedo0704@mail.hku.edu.tw

Abstract

  Okinotori Islands, located 1,740 kilometers away from Tokyo in the western Pacific,consists of two small islolated islands on a coral reef. The islands are 4.5 kilometers from east to west and 1.7 kilometers from north to south. A few decades ago, the area was dotted with half a dozen islets, but by 1989, only two were still visible. In order to keep the two barren islets in the western Pacific above water, the Japanese government has already spent $600 millon. Japan claimed an exclusive economic zone around Okinotori stretching hundreds of kilometers in every direction under the 1982 Law of the Sea. But a threat has emerged when China challenged Japan’s exclusive rights to the economically and militarily important waters,describing Okinotori Islands as just a “ rock”. The issue concerning the surrounding waters of Okinotori Islands has become a serious dispute between Japan and China. This paper intends to study and analyze this debate and its impact from the viewpoint of international law.

Keywords: Island, Rock, Contiental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone.